Keto Insomnia: Is It Real?

Updated January 9, 2024

Fact-Checked

The Sleep Foundation editorial team is dedicated to providing content that meets the highest standards for accuracy and objectivity. Our editors and medical experts rigorously evaluate every article and guide to ensure the information is factual, up-to-date, and free of bias.

The Sleep Foundation fact-checking guidelines are as follows:

We only cite reputable sources when researching our guides and articles. These include peer-reviewed journals, government reports, academic and medical associations, and interviews with credentialed medical experts and practitioners.
All scientific data and information must be backed up by at least one reputable source. Each guide and article includes a comprehensive bibliography with full citations and links to the original sources.
Some guides and articles feature links to other relevant Sleep Foundation pages. These internal links are intended to improve ease of navigation across the site, and are never used as original sources for scientific data or information.
A member of our medical expert team provides a final review of the content and sources cited for every guide, article, and product review concerning medical- and health-related topics. Inaccurate or unverifiable information will be removed prior to publication.
Plagiarism is never tolerated. Writers and editors caught stealing content or improperly citing sources are immediately terminated, and we will work to rectify the situation with the original publisher(s)
Although Sleep Foundation maintains affiliate partnerships with brands and e-commerce portals, these relationships never have any bearing on our product reviews or recommendations. Read our full Advertising Disclosure for more information.

Up-to-Date

Table of Contents

What Is Keto Insomnia?
The Science Behind Keto and Sleep
Tips to Manage Keto Insomnia
Wait – Why Am I Sleeping Better on Keto?
Deciding If the Keto Diet Is Right For You? Talk to Your Doctor First

The ketogenic or “keto” diet has gained popularity for weight loss and potential health benefits. However, some individuals starting the keto diet experience an unexpected roadblock – keto insomnia.

Experts have long suspected that what a person eats can impact their sleep, but limited research is available to explain why some individuals experience better or worse sleep while on the keto diet. We cover what keto insomnia is and unpack the science behind potential impacts of the keto diet on sleep.

What Is Keto Insomnia?

Keto insomnia refers to sleep disturbances that some people experience when adopting the keto diet. While this phenomenon is not universal, it’s thought to be caused by the strict restriction of carbohydrates that the diet calls for.

Common symptoms of keto insomnia include:

Difficulty falling asleep
Fragmented sleep
Restlessness

The Science Behind Keto and Sleep

The keto diet is a low-carbohydrate, high-fat eating plan designed to shift the body’s metabolism into a state called ketosis, where the body primarily relies on fat for energy instead of carbohydrates. This shift occurs as carbohydrate intake is significantly reduced, prompting the body to break down fats into compounds called ketones.

Not everyone on the keto diet will experience insomnia. For those who do, it’s theorized that the immediate shift to a low-carb diet leads to a reduction in sleep-regulating chemicals Trusted Source National Library of Medicine, Biotech Information The National Center for Biotechnology Information advances science and health by providing access to biomedical and genomic information. View Source like melatonin and adenosine. The body typically undergoes an adjustment period and sleep patterns tend to normalize as it adapts to the new metabolic state.

More research is needed to fully understand the impacts of keto on sleep and overall health. In addition to sleep disturbances, some people experience the “keto flu” Trusted Source National Library of Medicine, Biotech Information The National Center for Biotechnology Information advances science and health by providing access to biomedical and genomic information. View Source when first adopting the keto diet. “Keto flu” symptoms include headaches, fatigue, and stomach discomfort. Talk to your doctor if you are experiencing sleep problems or other negative side effects from adopting a keto diet.

Tips to Manage Keto Insomnia

Managing keto insomnia involves adopting strategies to ease the transition and support good sleep hygiene. Gradual changes to the diet, adequate hydration, and incorporating sleep-friendly practices are among the best approaches to mitigate the potential impacts of the keto diet on sleep. These include:

Getting at least 30 minutes of natural light early in the day
Maintaining a consistent sleep schedule – even on weekends
Optimizing your bedroom environment for sleep
Avoiding caffeine at least eight hours before bed
Limiting or eliminating alcohol at least four hours before bed
Using the right mattress and sleep accessories

Wait – Why Am I Sleeping Better on Keto?

While some people have sleep disturbances when first adopting the keto diet, others experienced the opposite. According to a 2023 study, 65 percent of participants who followed a low-calorie keto diet for a month reported actually sleeping better. These improvements were linked to weight loss and other weight-related factors, which are known to have impacts on sleep.

Deciding If the Keto Diet Is Right For You? Talk to Your Doctor First

If you’re considering starting the keto diet, it’s critical to consult your doctor first. Since the risks of the keto diet have not yet been studied among large groups, only your doctor Trusted Source National Library of Medicine, Biotech Information The National Center for Biotechnology Information advances science and health by providing access to biomedical and genomic information. View Source can determine if it is safe for you.

The keto diet differs quite a bit from most dietary guidelines. Trusted Source Dietary Guidelines for Americans Dietary Guidelines for Americans, a resource maintained by the US Department of Agriculture and the Department of Health and Human Services, provides advice on what to eat and drink to build a healthy diet that can promote healthy growth and development, help prevent diet-related chronic disease, and meet nutrient needs. View Source Although the diet may promote weight loss and other benefits, it may not be safe for everyone. Those with liver, pancreas, gallbladder, and thyroid conditions should avoid the keto diet. Additionally, the keto diet is not recommended for individuals who are pregnant or breastfeeding.

Still have questions? Ask our community!

Join our Sleep Care Community — a trusted hub of sleep health professionals, product specialists, and people just like you. Whether you need expert sleep advice for your insomnia or you’re searching for the perfect mattress, we’ve got you covered. Get personalized guidance from the experts who know sleep best.

Written By

Jay Summer, Staff Writer

Jay Summer is a health content writer and editor. She holds a B.S. in psychology and master's degrees in writing and public policy.

Medically Reviewed by

Dr. Dustin Cotliar, Sleep Medicine Physician MD

Dustin Cotliar holds a medical degree from the State University of NY (SUNY) Downstate College of Medicine, and a master’s in public health from Columbia University, where he focused on healthcare policy and management. He is board-certified in Emergency Medicine, with over eight years of practice that includes emergency medicine, urgent care, and telemedicine.

Learn more about our Editorial Team

References
6 Sources

Zhu, H., Bi, D., Zhang, Y. et al. Ketogenic diet for human diseases: the underlying mechanisms and potential for clinical implementations. Sig Transduct Target Ther 7, 11 (2022).
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41392-021-00831-w
Masi, D., Spoltore, M. E., Rossetti, R., Watanabe, M., Tozzi, R., Caputi, A., Risi, R., Balena, A., Gandini, O., Mariani, S., Spera, G., Gnessi, L., & Lubrano, C. (2022). The Influence of Ketone Bodies on Circadian Processes Regarding Appetite, Sleep and Hormone Release: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Nutrients, 14(7), 1410.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35406023/
Bostock, E. C. S., Kirkby, K. C., Taylor, B. V., & Hawrelak, J. A. (2020). Consumer Reports of “Keto Flu” Associated With the Ketogenic Diet. Frontiers in nutrition, 7, 20.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32232045/
Barrea, L., Verde, L., Di Lorenzo, C., Savastano, S., Colao, A., & Muscogiuri, G. (2023). Can the ketogenic diet improve our dreams? Effect of very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) on sleep quality. Journal of Translational Medicine, 21(1).
https://translational-medicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12967-023-04280-7
Batch, J. T., Lamsal, S. P., Adkins, M., Sultan, S., & Ramirez, M. N. (2020). Advantages and Disadvantages of the Ketogenic Diet: A Review Article. Cureus, 12(8), e9639.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32923239/
U.S. Department of Agriculture and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2020 December). Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025. 9th Edition. DietaryGuidelines.gov., Retrieved November 10, 2023, from
https://www.dietaryguidelines.gov/sites/default/files/2020-12/Dietary_Guidelines_for_Americans_2020-2025.pdf